Hubungan Pola Asuh dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting is a major public health issue in Indonesia caused by chronic undernutrition. Indonesia has a high prevalence of stunting, surpassing other Southeast Asian countries. Stunting negatively impacts not only children's physical growth but also their cognitive abilities and future productivity.

Methods: This article is a literature review of four studies conducted in different regions of Indonesia. The studies employed cross-sectional and case-control designs and focused on the relationship between maternal caregiving patterns (particularly feeding practices) and the occurrence of stunting in children aged 6-59 months.

Result: The findings show a significant relationship between maternal caregiving practices especially in feeding—and the prevalence of stunting. Proper breastfeeding and complementary feeding are associated with better nutritional status among children. Other factors such as child dietary practices, nutrient intake, cultural influences, family socioeconomic status, hygiene, and utilization of health services also play important roles. Research by Renyoet and Susilaningdyah emphasizes the importance of maternal attention and support, hygiene, and access to health services. However, factors like maternal height, low birth weight, and infections can weaken the statistical significance of maternal caregiving in stunting prevention.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the crucial role of maternal caregiving practices in preventing stunting, particularly in the form of breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding. Proper maternal care positively influences child growth and development. Additionally, factors such as maternal height, birth weight, infections, cultural practices, socioeconomic status, hygiene, and access to healthcare services also significantly affect stunting prevalence. Education and community-based interventions are necessary to support mothers in practicing proper caregiving and improving child nutrition.